The interest in polynucleotide translocation through nanopores has moved from purely biological to the need of realizing nanobiotechnological applications related to personalized genome sequencing. Polynucleotide translocation is a process in which biomolecules, like DNA or RNA, are electrophoretically driven through a narrow pore and their passage can be monitored by the change in the ionic current through the pore. Such a translocation process, which will be described here offers a very promising technology aiming at ultra-fast low-cost sequencing of DNA, though its realization is still confronted with challenges and drawbacks. In this review, we present the main aspects involved in the polynucleotide translocation through solid-state nanopores by discussing the most relevant experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches and the way these can supplement each other. The discussion will expose the goals that have been reached so far, the open questions, and contains an outlook to the future of nanopore sequencing.

The turning circle manoeuvre of a self-propelled tanker like ship model is numerically simulated through the integration of the unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations coupled with the equations of the motion of a rigid body. The solution is achieved by means of the unsteady RANS solver developed at CNR-INSEAN. The model is considered with two different stern appendages configurations (each one providing a different dynamic behaviour): twin screw with a single rudder and twin screw, twin rudder with a central skeg. Each propeller is taken into account by a model based on the actuator disk concept; anyhow, in order to correctly capture the turning manoeuvring behaviour of the model, a suitable description of the propeller performance in oblique flow operation has be considered. Comparison with experimental data from free running tests will demonstrate the feasibility of the CFD computations. The main features of the flow field, with particular attention to the vortical structures detached from the hull is presented as well.

The problem of ship manoeuvrability has reached nowadays a significant consideration, both for merchant ships, with the adoption of IMO standards, and naval ships, with the production of various documents by NATO Specialist Teams. In literature many works regarding manoeuvrability of single screw slow/medium speed ships are present, while a lack of information about twin screw ships (cruise ships, RoRo ferries, megayachts, naval vessels) exists. These ships are usually characterised by different hull forms and more complex stern configuration due to the presence of appendages like skegs, shaft lines and brackets, which can strongly affect manoeuvrability behaviour. In this work various prediction methods, namely statistical regressions, system identification and RANSE, have been investigated in order to evaluate twin screw naval vessels manoeuvrability behaviour. From this analysis stern appendages influence (including also non linear effects resulting from hull-appendages interactions) resulted one of the peculiar characteristics of this type of ships, clearly affecting their manoeuvring capabilities

The mathematical modelling for studying the evolution of a grounded temperate icefield flowing from an ice divide is detailed. The conjecture of the existence of a subglacial lake is considered, in particular regarding the influence of physical and geometrical parameters.

The numerical procedure for the computational solution of the partial differential system for the dynamical and thermo-dynamical evolution of a grounded glacier and a subglacial lake is here detailed.