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2024 Articolo in rivista open access

Divertor Tokamak Test facility project: status of design and implementation

Romanelli F. ; Abate D. ; Acampora E. ; Agguiaro D. ; Agnello R. ; Agostinetti P. ; Agostini M. ; Aimetta A. ; Albanese R. ; Alberti G. ; Albino M. ; Alessi E. ; Almaviva S. ; Alonzo M. ; Ambrosino R. ; Andreoli P. ; Angelone M. ; Angelucci M. ; Angioni C. ; Angrisani Armenio A. ; Antonini P. ; Aprile D. ; Apruzzese G. ; Aquilini M. ; Aragone G. ; Arena P. ; Ariola M. ; Artaserse G. ; Aucone L. ; Augieri A. ; Auriemma F. ; Ayllon Guerola J. ; Badodi N. ; Baiocchi B. ; Balbinot L. ; Baldacchini C. ; Balestri A. ; Barberis T. ; Barone G. ; Barucca L. ; Baruzzo M. ; Begozzi S. ; Belardi V. ; Belli F. ; Belpane A. ; Beone F. ; Bertolami S. ; Bianucci S. ; Bifaretti S. ; Bigioni S. ; Bin W. ; Boccali P. ; Boeswirth B. ; Bogazzi E. ; Bojoi R. ; Bollanti S. ; Bolzonella T. ; Bombarda F. ; Bonan M. ; Bonanomi N. ; Bonaventura A. ; Boncagni L. ; Bonesso M. ; Bonfiglio D. ; Bonifetto R. ; Bonomi D. ; Borgogno D. ; Borzone T. ; Botti S. ; Boz E. ; Braghin F. ; Brena M. ; Brezinsek S. ; Brombin M. ; Bruschi A. ; Buonocore S. ; Buratti P. ; Buratti P. ; Busi D. ; Calabro G. ; Caldora M. ; Calvo G. ; Camera G. ; Campana G. ; Candela S. ; Candela V. ; Cani F. ; Cantone L. ; Capaldo F. ; Cappello S. ; Caponero M. ; Carchella S. ; Cardinali A. ; Carnevale D. ; Carraro L. ; Carrelli C. ; Casalegno V. ; Casiraghi I. ; Castaldo C. ; Castaldo A. ; Castro G. ; Carpignano A. ; Causa F. ; Cavazzana R. ; Cavedon M. ; Cavenago M. ; Cecchini M. ; Ceccuzzi S. ; Celentano G. ; Celona L. ; Centioli C. ; Centomani G. V. ; Cesaroni S. ; Chiariello A. G. ; Chomicz R. ; Cianfarani C. ; Cichocki F. ; Cinque M. ; Cioffi A. ; Ciotti M. ; Cipriani M. ; Ciufo S. ; Claps V. ; Claps G. ; Coccorese V. ; Coccorese D. ; Colangeli A. ; Coltella T. ; Consoli F. ; Cordella F. ; Corradini D. ; Costa O. ; Crea F. ; Cremona A. ; Crescenzi F. ; Crisanti F. ; Cristofari G. ; Croci G. ; Cucchiaro A. ; D'Ambrosio D. ; Dal Molin M. ; Dalla Palma M. ; Dane F. ; Day C. ; De Angeli M. ; De Leo V. ; De Luca R. ; De Marchi E. ; De Marzi G. ; De Masi G. ; De Nardi E. ; De Piccoli C. ; De Sano G. ; De Santis M. ; De Tommasi G. ; Del Nevo A. ; Delfino A. ; Della Corte A. ; Deodati P. ; Desiderati S. ; Di Ferdinando E. ; Di Florio M. G. ; Di Gironimo G. ; Di Grazia L. E. ; Di Marzo V. ; Di Paolo F. ; Di Pietro E. ; Di Pietrantonio M. ; Di Prinzio M. ; Di Silvestre A. ; Di Zenobio A. ; Dima R. ; Domenichelli A. ; Doria A. ; Dose G. ; Dubbioso S. ; Dulla S. ; Duran I. ; Eboli M. ; Elitropi M. ; Emanuelli E. ; Esposito B. ; Ettorre P. ; Fabbri C. ; Fabbri F. ; Fadone M. ; Faggiano M. M. ; Falcioni F. ; Falessi M. V. ; Fanale F. ; Fanelli P. ; Fassina A. ; Fassina A. ; Favaretto M. ; Favero G. ; Ferraris M. ; Ferrazza F. ; Ferretti C. ; Ferro A. ; Ferron N. ; Fiamozzi Zignani C. ; Figini L. ; Filippi F. ; Filippini M. ; Fimiani A. ; Fincato M. ; Fiorenza F. ; Fiorucci D. ; Flammini D. ; Flora F. ; Fonnesu N. ; Franz P. ; Frassinetti L. ; Frattolillo A. ; Freda R. ; Fresa R. ; Frescura A. ; Frosi P. ; Fulici M. ; Furno Palumbo M. ; Fusco V. ; Fusco P. ; Gabellier L. ; Gaetani P. ; Gaio E. ; Gajetti E. ; Gaetani P. ; Galata A. ; Galdon Quiroga J. ; Galindo Huertas D. L. ; Gammino S. ; Gandolfo G. ; Garavaglia S. ; Garcia Lopez J. ; Garcia Munoz M. ; Gaudio P. ; Gelfusa M. ; Gervasini G. ; Giannini L. ; Giarrusso M. ; Gil C. ; Giorgetti F. ; Giovannozzi E. ; Giruzzi G. ; Giudicotti L. ; Gobbin M. ; Gorini G. ; Granucci G. ; Grasso D. ; Grasso T. ; Grazioso S. ; Greuner H. ; Griva G. ; Grosso G. ; Guerini S. ; Gunn J. P. ; Hauer V. ; Hidalgo Salaverri J. ; Hoppe M. ; Houry M. ; Hoelzl M. ; Iaboni A. ; Iafrati M. ; Iaiunese A. ; Imbriani V. ; Indrigo D. ; Innocente P. ; Koechl F. ; Koncar B. ; Kryzhanovskyy A. ; Laguardia L. ; Lampasi D. A. ; Lanchi C. ; Lanzotti F. ; Lanzotti A. ; Laquaniti M. ; Leone F. ; Li J. ; Libe M. ; Lisanti F. ; Liuzza D. ; Locati F. ; Lombroni R. ; Lorenzini R. ; Lorusso P. ; Lotto L. ; Loureiro J. ; Lucca F. ; Luda Di Cortemiglia T. ; Maccari P. ; Maddaluno G. ; Magagnino S. ; Manca G. ; Mancini A. ; Mandala P. ; Mandolesi B. ; Mandrile F. ; Manduchi G. ; Manfrin S. ; Manganelli M. ; Mantica P. ; Marchiori G. ; Marconato N. ; Marelli G. ; Mariani A. ; Marin A. ; Marinari R. ; Marinelli M. ; Marino F. ; Marino P. ; Marocco D. ; Marsilio R. ; Martelli E. ; Martin P. ; Martinelli F. ; Martini G. ; Martone R. ; Marucci A. ; Marzullo D. ; Masala V. ; Mascali D. ; Mascari F. ; Masi A. ; Massanova N. ; Mastrostefano S. ; Mattei M. ; Mauro G. ; Mauro S. ; Meineri C. ; Melaragni L. ; Mele A. ; Meller P. ; Meloni S. ; Menicucci I. ; Messina G. ; Mezi L. ; Micciche G. ; Micheletti M. ; Migliori S. ; Milanesio D. ; Milazzo F. ; Milazzo R. ; Minelli P. ; Minucci S. ; Mirizzi F. ; Missirlian M. ; Monarca D. ; Monti C. ; Mori M. ; Moriani A. ; Morici L. ; Moro A. ; Moro A. ; Moro F. ; Mosetti P. ; Mozzillo R. ; Murari A. ; Muraro A. ; Murra D. ; Muscente P. ; Musumeci S. ; Muzzi L. ; Nallo G. F. ; Napoli F. ; Nardon E. ; Naselli E. ; Neu R. ; Nocente M. ; Notazio M. ; Nowak S. ; Ocello E. ; Oliva A. ; Orsetti V. ; Orsini A. ; Orsitto F. P. ; Ortino M. ; Ottavi M. ; Paccagnella G. ; Pacella D. ; Pagani I. ; Paganucci N. ; Pagliaro A. ; Palazzolo V. ; Palermo M. ; Palomba S. ; Panza F. ; Paoletti D. ; Parisi M. ; Pasqualotto R. ; Passarello S. ; Passoni M. ; Patton T. ; Pelliccia L. ; Peloso A. ; Pepato A. ; Perelli E. ; Perencin A. ; Peruzzo S. ; Pesenti A. ; Pedroni N. ; Petrolini P. ; Piergotti V. ; Pidatella A. ; Pigatto L. ; Pillon M. ; Pinna T. ; Pipolo S. ; Piras S. ; Piron C. ; Piron L. ; Pironti A. ; Pistilli M. ; Placido D. ; Pizzuto A. ; Platania P. ; Polimadei A. ; Pollastrone F. ; Polli G. M. ; Pomaro N. ; Pompili F. ; Ponti C. ; Porcelli F. ; Prandelli V. ; Previti A. ; Princiotta A. ; Pucino G. ; Quaglia F. ; Quercia A. ; Raffaelli F. ; Ramogida G. ; Ranieri G. ; Raspante B. ; Ravarotto D. ; Ravera G. L. ; Reale A. ; Rebesan P. ; Recchia M. ; Regine D. ; Renno F. ; Riccardi B. ; Ricci D. ; Rigamonti D. ; Ripani M. ; Rispoli N. ; Roccella S. ; Rocchi G. ; Roche H. ; Romanato M. ; Romanelli F. ; Romanelli F. ; Romanelli G. ; Romaniello R. ; Romano A. ; Romano M. ; Romano R. ; Rossi R. ; Rubinacci G. ; Rubino G. ; Rubino G. ; Rubino S. ; Rueda Rueda J. ; Rufoloni A. ; Salvia C. ; Salvini P. ; Scarpari M. ; Salvitti A. ; Salvo L. ; Sandri S. ; Santoro F. ; Satriano A. ; Savoldi L. ; Scardino C. ; Schettini G. ; Schmuck S. ; Scionti J. ; Sciscio M. ; Scungio M. ; Sedlak K. ; Senni L. ; Sias G. ; Sibio A. ; Simonetto A. ; Singh L. ; Sirignano A. ; Sozzi C. ; Spada I. ; Spagnolo S. ; Spinicci L. ; Spizzo G. ; Spolaore M. ; Stefanini C. ; Strobel H. ; Subba F. ; Taccogna F. ; Taheri B. ; Tantos C. ; Tarallo A. ; Tarantino M. ; Tardini G. ; Tardocchi M. ; Tarfila P. ; Tenaglia A. ; Terlizzi C. ; Terranova D. ; Testa D. ; Testa E. ; Testoni R. ; Toigo V. ; Torrisi G. ; Trotta A. ; Trovato G. ; Tsitrone E. ; Tuccillo A. ; Tudisco O. ; Turcato M. ; Turtu S. ; Uccello A. ; Ugoletti M. ; Uras O. ; Uras M. ; Utili M. ; Vaccaro V. ; Valentini F. ; Valletti L. ; Valisa M. ; Van Eester D. ; Vanzan D. ; Vassallo E. ; Vecchi G. ; Vellucci M. ; Venneri I. ; Ventura G. ; Veranda M. ; Verdini L. ; Verona C. ; Verona Rinati G. ; Veronese F. ; Vianello N. ; Vigano F. ; Villano O. ; Villari R. ; Villone F. ; Vincenzi P. ; Vitale V. ; Vivio F. ; Vlad G. ; Wischmeier M. ; Wu H. S. ; Wyss I. ; Zanino R. ; Zaniol B. ; Zanon F. ; Zappatore A. ; Zavarise G. ; Zito P. ; Zoppoli A. ; Zucchetti M. ; Zuin M. ; Zumbolo P.

An overview is presented of the progress since 2021 in the construction and scientific programme preparation of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility. Licensing for building construction has been granted at the end of 2021. Licensing for Cat. A radiologic source has been also granted in 2022. The construction of the toroidal field magnet system is progressing. The prototype of the 170 GHz gyrotron has been produced and it is now under test on the FALCON facility. The design of the vacuum vessel, the poloidal field coils and the civil infrastructures has been completed. The shape of the first DTT divertor has been agreed with EUROfusion to test different plasma and exhaust scenarios: single null, double null, X-divertor and negative triangularity plasmas. A detailed research plan is being elaborated with the involvement of the EUROfusion laboratories.

divertor, exhaust, plasma scenarios
2023 Articolo in rivista open access

High Te discrepancies between ECE and Thomson diagnostics in high-performance JET discharges

Fontana M ; Giruzzi G ; Orsitto F ; de la Luna E ; Dumont R ; Figini L ; Kos D ; Maslov M ; Schmuck S ; Senni L ; Sozzi C ; Frigione D ; Garcia J ; Garzotti L ; Hobirk J ; Kappatou A ; Keeling D ; Lerche E ; Rimini F ; Van Eester D ; Maggi C ; Mailloux J

The present paper is dedicated to the study of the discrepancies encountered in electron temperature (Te) measurements carried out with electron cyclotron emission (ECE) and Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostics in the core of the JET tokamak. A large database of discharges has been collected, including high-performance scenarios performed with deuterium only and deuterium-tritium mixtures. Discrepancies have been found between core Te measurements taken with an X-mode ECE interferometer (TECE) and a LIDAR TS system (TLID) for Te > 5 keV. Depending on the plasma scenario, TECE has been found to be systematically higher or lower than TLID. Discrepancies have also been observed between the peaks of the ECE spectrum in the second (X2) and third (X3) harmonic domains, even in high optical thickness conditions. These discrepancies can be interpreted as evidence of the presence of non-Maxwellian features in the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). In order to investigate the relation between the shape of the EEDF and the measured discrepancies, a model for bipolar perturbations of Maxwellian EEDF has been developed. The model allows analytical calculations of ECE absorption and emission coefficients; hence, the comparison of modeled ECE spectra with experimental data. The different experimental results observed for the various JET scenarios have been found to be qualitatively reproducible by adapting the model parameters, suggesting that bipolar distortions of the bulk EEDF could play a role in giving rise to the reported discrepancies between ECE and TS measurements.

Deuterium Cyclotrons Distribution functions Electron cyclotron resonance Electron energy levels Magnetoplasma Optical radar
2023 Contributo in Atti di convegno restricted access

Study on Differences of ECE and High-Resolution Thomson Scattering temperature measurements in DT (Deuterium-Tritium) plasmas on JET

Orsitto F. P. ; Fontana M. ; Giruzzi G. ; Senni L. ; Dumont R. ; Figini L. ; Kos D. ; Maslov M. ; Mazzi S. ; Schmuck S. ; Sozzi C. ; Challis C. ; Frigione D. ; Garcia J. ; Garzotti L. ; Hobirk J. ; Kappatou A. ; Keeling D. ; Lerche E. ; Maggi C. ; Mailloux J. ; Rimini F. ; van Eester D.

In Deuterium Plasmas differences were detected in JET between electron temperature measurements (Te) made by Electron Cyclotron Emission - Te_ECE - and Thomson Scattering diagnostics systems (Te_TS) [1]. Similar behaviour was found in TFTR [2]. Plasmas heated by ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Heating) in Deuterium on FTU showed T_ECE < T_TS for 8 KeV ≤ Te ≤ 14 keV [3]. These differences can be due to the non-Maxwellian nature of the Electron velocity Distribution Function (EDF) [5,6]. The radiation temperature (Trad) measured by ECE is equal to the Te only for a Maxwellian plasma: being Trad dependent on the derivative of the EDF with respect to perpendicular velocity [5]. This paper describes differences of Te measured by ECE (ECE_MP, Martin-Puplett interferometer) and High-Resolution Thomson Scattering (HRTS) diagnostic. HRTS gives independent information on these differences, having shorter space resolution (2 cm), and faster repetition rate (20 Hz) on a different line of sight (16 cm from the magnetic centre): HRTS measurements confirm the trends observed using LIDAR TS [4,5]. Comparison between HRTS and ECE radiometer measurements is also reported (see sec.3).