: We analyze the entropy production in run-and-tumble models. After presenting the general formalism in the framework of the Fokker-Planck equations in one space dimension, we derive some known exact results in simple physical situations (free run-and-tumble particles and harmonic confinement). We then extend the calculation to the case of anisotropic motion (different speeds and tumbling rates for right- and left-oriented particles), obtaining exact expressions of the entropy production rate. We conclude by discussing the general case of heterogeneous run-and-tumble motion described by space-dependent parameters and extending the analysis to the case of d-dimensional motions.

This book offers an informal, easy-to-understand account of topics in modern physics and mathematics. The focus is, in particular, on statistical mechanics, soft matter, probability, chaos, complexity, and models, as well as their interplay. The book features 28 key entries and it is carefully structured so as to allow readers to pursue different paths that reflect their interests and priorities, thereby avoiding an excessively systematic presentation that might stifle interest. While the majority of the entries concern specific topics and arguments, some relate to important protagonists of science, highlighting and explaining their contributions. Advanced mathematics is avoided, and formulas are introduced in only a few cases. The book is a user-friendly tool that nevertheless avoids scientific compromise. It is of interest to all who seek a better grasp of the world that surrounds us and of the ideas that have changed our perceptions. Il libro prova a colmare almeno in parte quel vuoto lasciato dalla divulgazione scientifica mainstream, interessata principalmente a dare risalto agli aspetti più sensazionalistici e bizzarri delle scoperte scientifiche, svelando il fascino presente in argomenti che non vengono solitamente discussi nei libri di divulgazione e nelle vite di scienziati poco conosciuti al grande pubblico, ma che hanno posto le basi per la scienza come la conosciamo ora.

This book reviews the basic ideas of the Law of Large Numbers with its consequences to the deterministic world and the issue of ergodicity. Applications of Large Deviations and their outcomes to Physics are surveyed. The book covers topics encompassing ergodicity and its breaking and the modern applications of Large deviations to equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical physics, disordered and chaotic systems, and turbulence.

This contribution aims at introducing the topics of this book. We start with a brief historical excursion on the developments from the law of large numbers to the central limit theorem and large deviations theory. The same topics are then presented using the language of probability theory. Finally, some applications of large deviations theory in physics are briefly discussed through examples taken from statistical mechanics, dynamical and disordered systems.

The motion of an air-fluid interface through an irregularly coated capillary is studied by analyzing the Lucas-Washburn equation with inertia, viscosity and a random capillary force. Below a critical velocity, the front enters a strongly intermittent dynamic regime, as recently observed in experiments. Analytical estimates for the average asymptotic front trajectory and pinning length distribution are obtained, and a numerical procedure for predicting quantities of experimental interest is also illustrated.