Remote sensing of atmosphere is changing rapidly thanks to the development of high spectral resolution infrared space-borne sensors. The aim is to provide more and more accurate information on the lower atmosphere, as requested by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), to improve reliability and time span of weather forecasts plus Earth's monitoring. In this paper we show the results we have obtained on a set of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations using a new statistical strategy based on dimension reduction. Retrievals have been compared to time-space colocated ECMWF analysis for temperature, water vapor and ozone.

Thermal phase separation process, which follows a sudden quench in the coexistence region, is con- sidered for binary fluid mixtures. It is studied applying a new version of an hybrid lattice Boltzmann model, where non-ideal terms of the pressure tensor, which takes into account thermal and concen- tration gradient contribution, are included as a body force in the LBM equations, used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The equations for concentration and temperature are solved using a finite dif- ference scheme. Domains are observed to order preferably with interfaces parallel to the cold walls and this behavior is more pronounced at higher viscosities. An intermediate regime with two characteristics scales for the domain size, one close to the walls and the other in the middle of the system, has been also observed.

In recent years, research activities in Italy concerning applied and industrial mathematics have been conducted by many scientists with different experience, from university, research institutions and industry. They addressed a number of specic subjects. Besides classical topics - such as fluid dynamics, elasticity, continuous mechanics - new problems have been considered, with application to a variety of situations and phenomena such as, for example, traffic modelling, hemodynamics, biofilms; moreover, a number of research projects of interest for the industry have also been developed.

It is known that, if u is a real valued function on R^n of bounded variation, then its total variation decreases under polarization. In this paper we identify the difference between the total variation of u and that one of its polar u_{\pi}.

The general relativistic version is developed for Robertson’s discussion of the Poynting-Robertson effect that he based on special relativity and Newtonian gravity for point radiation sources like stars. The general relativistic model uses a test radiation field of photons in outward radial motion with zero angular momentum in the equatorial plane of the exterior Schwarzschild or Kerr spacetime.

A hybrid lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for binary mixtures based on the free-energy approach is proposed. Nonideal terms of the pressure tensor are included as a body force in the LBM kinetic equations, used to simulate the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations. The convection-diffusion equation is studied by finite-difference methods. Differential operators are discretized in order to reduce the magnitude of spurious velocities. The algorithm has been shown to be stable and reproducing the correct equilibrium behavior in simple test configurations and to be Galilean invariant. Spurious velocities can be reduced by approximately an order of magnitude with respect to standard discretization procedure.

We present a systematic study of capillary filling for multi-phase flows by using mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann models describing a diffusive interface moving at a given contact angle with respect to the walls. We compare the numerical results at changing the density ratio between liquid and gas phases, delta rho/rho and the ratio, delta xi/H, between the typical size of the capillary, H, and the interface width, delta xi. It is shown that numerical results yield quantitative agreement with the Washburn law when both ratios are large, i.e. as the hydrodynamic limit of a infinitely thin interface is approached. We also show that in the initial stage of the filling process, transient behaviour induced by inertial effects and "vena contracta" mechanisms, may induce significant departure from the Washburn law. Both effects are under control in our lattice Boltzmann equation and in good agreement with the phenomenology of capillary filling.